Delftia acidovorans pneumonia with lung cavities formation / Neumonia con formación de cavidades pulmonares causada por Delftia acidovorans

Abstract Case Description: A 52-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of cough, sputum, fever and fatigue. The patient has been receiving immunosuppressive therapy for thrombocytopenic purpura for 5 years. Clinical Finding: Inspiratory crackles were heard on both hemithorax. Oxygen saturation measured with the pulse oximeter was 97%. Chest X-ray showed diffuse reticular opacities that were more prominent in the upper zones of both lungs. WBC counts were 17,600 mm3 and Platelet counts were 29,000 mm3. Thorax CT showed that there were many thin-walled cavities and millimetric nodules accompanied by ground-glass infiltrates in the upper and middle lobes. Gram staining of bronchial fluid, taken by bronchoscopy, revealed Gram-negative bacilli and intense polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The bacteria were defined as Delftia acidovorans by BD Phoenix automated system. Treatment and outcomes: The patient was hospitalized with suspicion of opportunistic pulmonary infections and cavitary lung disease. After the empirical treatment of intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam and oral clarithromycin, her clinical and radiological findings significantly regressed, and she was discharged with outpatient follow-up. Clinical Relevance: This is the first example of cavitary pneumonia due to Delftia acidovorans in an immunocompromised patient. We would like to emphasize that Delftia pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary cavitary involvement in such patients.

Resumen Descripción del caso: Una mujer de 52 años llegó a la clínica con tos, esputo, fiebre y fatiga. El paciente estuvo recibiendo terapia inmunosupresora durante 5 años para el tratamiento de la púrpura trombocitopénica. Hallazgo clínico: se escucharon crepitaciones inspiratorias en ambos hemitórax. La saturación de oxígeno fue del 97%. La radiografía de tórax mostró opacidades reticulares difusas que eran más prominentes en las zonas superiores de ambos pulmones. Los recuentos de leucocitos fueron de 17,600 mm3 y los recuentos de plaquetas fueron de 29,000 mm3. La TC de tórax mostró muchas cavidades de pared delgada y nódulos milimétricos acompañados de infiltrados vitrales en los lóbulos superior y medio. La tinción de Gram del líquido bronquial reveló bacilos gramnegativos y leucocitos polimorfonucleares. Las bacterias fueron identificadas como Delftia acidovorans. Tratamiento y resultados: La paciente fue hospitalizado con una sospecha de infección oportunista pulmonar y enfermedad pulmonar cavitaria. Después del tratamiento empírico de piperacilina-tazobactam intravenosa y claritromicina oral, los síntomas y signos retrocedieron significativamente, y fue dada de alta con seguimiento ambulatorio. Relevancia clínica: este es el primer registro de neumonía cavitaria causado por Delftia acidovorans en una paciente inmunocomprometida. Enfatizamos que la neumonía por Delftia debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de la afectación de la cavidad pulmonar en tales pacientes.

Obstructive sleep apnea related to rapid-eye-movement or non-rapid-eye-movement sleep: comparison of demographic, anthropometric, and polysomnographic features / Apneia obstrutiva do sono relacionada ao sono rapid eye movement ou ao sono non-rapid eye movement: comparação de aspectos demográficos, antropométricos e polissonográficos

Objective : To determine whether there are significant differences between rapid-eye-movement (REM)-related obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and non-REM (NREM)-related OSA, in terms of the demographic, anthropometric, and polysomnographic characteristics of the subjects. Methods : This was a retrospective study of 110 patients (75 males) with either REM-related OSA (n = 58) or NREM-related OSA (n = 52). To define REM-related and NREM-related OSA, we used a previously established criterion, based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): AHI-REM/AHI-NREM ratio > 2 and ≤ 2, respectively. Results : The mean age of the patients with REM-related OSA was 49.5 ± 11.9 years, whereas that of the patients with NREM-related OSA was 49.2 ± 12.6 years. The overall mean AHI (all sleep stages combined) was significantly higher in the NREM-related OSA group than in the REM-related OSA group (38.6 ± 28.2 vs. 14.8 ± 9.2; p < 0.05). The mean AHI in the supine position (s-AHI) was also significantly higher in the NREM-related OSA group than in the REM-related OSA group (49.0 ± 34.3 vs. 18.8 ± 14.9; p < 0.0001). In the NREM-related OSA group, the s-AHI was higher among the men. In both groups, oxygen desaturation was more severe among the women. We found that REM-related OSA was more common among the patients with mild-to-moderate OSA, whereas NREM-related OSA was more common among those with severe OSA. Conclusions : We found that the severity of NREM-related OSA was associated mainly with s-AHI. Our findings suggest that the s-AHI has a more significant effect on the severity of OSA than does the AHI-REM. When interpreting OSA severity and choosing among treatment modalities, physicians should take into consideration the sleep stage and the sleep posture.

Objetivo : Determinar se há diferenças significativas entre apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) relacionada a sono rapid eye movement (REM) e a sono non rapid eye movement (NREM), em termos de características demográficas, antropométricas e polissonográficas dos indivíduos. Métodos : Estudo retrospectivo com 110 pacientes (75 homens) com AOS relacionada a sono REM (AOS-REM; n = 58) ou a sono NREM (AOS-NREM; n = 52). Para a definição de AOS-REM e AOS-NREM, utilizamos um critério previamente estabelecido, baseado no índice de apneia-hipopneia (IAH): razão IAH-REM/IAH-NREM > 2 e ≤ 2, respectivamente. Resultados : A média de idade dos pacientes com AOS-REM foi de 49,5 ± 11,9 anos, ao passo que a dos pacientes com AOS-NREM foi de 49,2 ± 12,6 anos. A média geral de IAH (todos os estágios de sono combinados) foi significativamente maior no grupo AOS-NREM do que no grupo AOS-REM (38,6 ± 38,2 vs. 14,8 ± 9,2; p < 0,05). A média de IAH na posição supina (IAH-s) foi também significativamente maior no grupo AOS-NREM que no grupo AOS-REM (49,0 ± 34,3 vs. 18,8 ± 14,9; p < 0,0001). No grupo AOS-NREM, o IAH-s foi maior nos homens. Nos dois grupos, a dessaturação de oxigênio foi mais grave nas mulheres. Observou-se que AOS-REM foi mais comum nos pacientes com AOS de moderada a grave, enquanto AOS-NREM foi mais comum nos pacientes com AOS grave. Conclusões : Observou-se que a gravidade de AOS-NREM estava associada principalmente a IAH-s. Nossos achados sugerem que o IAH-s tem um efeito mais significativo na gravidade de AOS do que o IAH-REM. Ao interpretar a gravidade da AOS e selecionar as modalidades de tratamento, os médicos devem levar em consideração o estágio do sono e a postura durante o sono.